Hubble Space Telescope
Orbiting observatory that transformed our view of the cosmos.
Overview
The Hubble Space Telescope, launched 1990, orbits above Earth's atmosphere delivering sharp visible and ultraviolet images that transformed astronomy.
Why It Matters
Hubble determined the age of the universe, discovered accelerating expansion, and produced iconic images that inspired millions.
Scientific Explanation
At 540 km altitude, Hubble avoids atmospheric blurring. Servicing missions upgraded instruments five times. Key projects: Hubble Deep Field, Cepheid distances to galaxies, dark energy via supernovae, exoplanet atmospheres.
Historical Background
Initial mirror flaw (spherical aberration) fixed by STS-61 (1993). Named for Edwin Hubble. Still operating after 35+ years.
Visual Explanation
Compare ground-based vs Hubble image of same field — atmosphere smears light; space telescope resolves fine detail.
Key Discoveries
- ✦ Age of universe refined to ~13.8 Gyr
- ✦ Deep fields reveal thousands of distant galaxies
- ✦ Pluto moons Nix and Hydra discovered
- ✦ Hubble constant tension with Planck persists
Important Astronomers
Reflection Prompt
One telescope changed how humanity sees itself. What would you put in orbit today?
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